The Belém Summit and the COP30 Climate Challenge
The Belém Summit has opened in the Brazilian Amazon, marking a pivotal moment as it precedes the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30). This gathering brings together world leaders to address the urgent need for climate action. The summit aims to ensure that discussions move beyond rhetoric and into tangible commitments that reflect the gravity of the climate crisis.
If global leaders fail to translate words into action, public trust in the COPs—and in multilateralism itself—will erode. This is why the summit is being held in the Amazon: to make this COP a moment of truth, where the world can demonstrate its genuine commitment to protecting the planet.
A Legacy of Global Cooperation
Humanity has proven its ability to tackle major challenges when united by science and collective effort. The protection of the ozone layer and the global response to the Covid-19 pandemic are testaments to this capacity. These achievements show that decisive action is possible when there is courage and political will.
Brazil played a key role in shaping global environmental policy when it hosted the Earth Summit in 1992. At that time, the Conventions on Climate, Biodiversity, and Desertification were approved, setting new standards for planetary preservation. Over the past three decades, these summits have led to significant agreements, such as the goal to end deforestation by 2030 and to triple renewable energy use.
A Return to the Heart of the Amazon
More than three decades later, the world returns to Brazil to confront climate change head-on. The choice of the Amazon rainforest as the venue for COP30 is not coincidental. It offers an opportunity for politicians, diplomats, scientists, activists, and journalists to witness the reality of the region—the largest river basin on Earth and home to millions of people.
COPs should not be mere showcases of good ideas or annual meetings for negotiators. They must serve as moments of real-world engagement and effective action against climate change.
The Need for Resources and Equity
To tackle the climate crisis, resources are essential. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities remains a cornerstone of any climate agreement. The Global South demands greater access to these resources—not out of charity, but as a matter of justice. Wealthier nations, which have benefited most from the carbon-based economy, must now fulfill their obligations.
Brazil is already making progress. In just two years, deforestation in the Amazon has been halved, proving that meaningful climate action is achievable.
A New Initiative for Forest Preservation
In Belém, Brazil will launch an innovative initiative called the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF). This is a groundbreaking approach, operating as an investment fund rather than a donation mechanism. The TFFF will reward those who keep their forests intact and encourage investments in the fund.
This win-win strategy aligns with Brazil’s commitment to reduce emissions by 59 to 67 percent, covering all greenhouse gases and all sectors of the economy. As the second country to present a new Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Brazil sets a strong example for others to follow.
Energy Transition and Social Equity
The energy transition is central to achieving Brazil’s NDC. With 88% of its electricity coming from renewable sources, Brazil has one of the cleanest energy matrices in the world. The country leads in biofuels and is advancing in wind, solar, and green hydrogen energy.
Redirecting revenues from oil production to support a just and equitable energy transition will be crucial. Over time, oil companies like Brazil’s Petrobras will transform into energy companies, as a fossil fuel-based growth model is unsustainable.
People must remain at the center of climate and energy decisions. The most vulnerable communities are disproportionately affected by climate change, which is why just transition and adaptation plans must address inequality.
Addressing Global Inequality
Two billion people lack access to clean cooking technologies and fuels, while 673 million still face hunger. In response, Brazil will launch a Declaration on Hunger, Poverty and Climate, linking the fight against global warming with the fight against hunger.
Reforming Global Governance
Reforming global governance is also essential. Multilateralism is currently paralyzed by the UN Security Council, which was created to preserve peace but has failed to prevent wars. Brazil will advocate for the creation of a UN Climate Change Council linked to the General Assembly. This new structure would have the authority and legitimacy to ensure countries deliver on their promises.
A Call for Action
At every Climate Conference, promises are made, but real commitments are often lacking. The era of empty declarations has ended; the time for action plans has arrived. That is why today we begin the COP of Truth.